Effects of Genetic Selection for High or Low Antibody Response on Resistance to a Variety of Disease Challenges and the Relationship of Resource Allocation

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 1007-1010 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. B. Gross ◽  
P. B. Siegel ◽  
F. W. Pierson
Keyword(s):  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Antibody Response ◽  
Genetic Selection ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Selection for Growth and Precocity Alters Muscle Metabolism in Nellore Cattle

Metabolites ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nara Regina Brandão Cônsolo ◽  
Juliana da Silva ◽  
Vicente Luiz Macedo Buarque ◽  
Angel Higuera-Padilla ◽  
Luis Carlos Garibaldi Simon Barbosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Fat Metabolism ◽  
Genetic Selection ◽  
Muscle Metabolism ◽  
High Growth ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Longissimus Lumborum ◽  
Nellore Cattle ◽  
Selection For ◽  
The Relationship

To clarify the relationship between beef genetic selection for growth and precocity with muscle metabolism and metabolites, we performed metabolomic analysis using Longissimus lumborum (LL) muscle from Nellore cattle with divergent selection for these traits (high growth, HG; low growth, LG; high precocity, HP; low precocity, LP). Genetic potential for growth affected muscle protein and energetic metabolism. HG animals had a high concentration of arginine, carnosine, and leucine compared to LG animals. HP animals presented a high concentration of glutamine, betaine, creatinine, isoleucine, carnitine, acetyl carnitine, and lower levels of glucose compared to LP animals, affecting protein and fatty acid metabolism. Intensity of selection (high or low) was correlated with changes in protein metabolism, and the type of selection (growth or precocity) affected fat metabolism. In conclusion, both HG and HP appear to be correlated with a high concentration of protein metabolites and changes in protein metabolic pathways, while selection for precocity is more correlated with changes in fat metabolism compared to animals selected for growth.

SHEARLING AND SECOND-YEAR CLEAN FLEECE WEIGHTS AS AN INDEX OF WOOL PRODUCTION IN THREE BREEDS OF RANGE SHEEP

1958 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-60
Author(s):  
S. B. Slen ◽  
E. C. Banky ◽  
H. F. Peters
Keyword(s):  
Regression Coefficients ◽  
Reliable Estimate ◽  
Wool Production ◽  
Breed Differences ◽  
Mature Weight ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Fleece Weight ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship of shearling and second-year clean fleece weight to total wool production, i.e., first 5 years of life, was analysed in three breeds of range sheep (Canadian Corriedale, Rambouillet, and Romnelet) to determine its usefulness in selection for increased wool production.A correlation of +.67 (p <.01) between shearling clean fleece weight and the sum of the four mature fleece weights was obtained in the three breeds studied. When the first mature weight (second fleece) was correlated with the total weight of the three subsequent fleeces, the correlation was increased significantly (p <.01). Consequently, the second fleece appeared to be a more reliable estimate of lifetime production than shearling weight. No breed differences in these correlations were found when lifetime production was compared to shearling or to second-year fleece weights. The regression coefficients of lifetime production on shearling fleece weight showed that a shearling ewe which produced 1.0 lb. of clean wool above the average produced approximately 3.0 lb. more than the average during her productive life.Shearling fleece weight was found to represent 83, 77, and 80 per cent of the maximum mature fleece weight in the Canadian Corriedale, Rambouillet, and Romnelet, respectively. No breed differences were observed in this relationship.The repeatability of annual clean fleece weight was found to be.93,.83, and.76 for the Rambouillet, Romnelet, and Canadian Corriedale, respectively.

FERTILITY OF BARLEY AUTOTETRAPLOIDS: II. THE RELATIONSHIP OF ANEUPLOIDY, DWARFING AND FERTILITY IN FOUR AUTOTETRAPLOID BARLEY VARIETIES

1961 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Reinbergs ◽  
L. H. Shebeski
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Selection ◽  
The Other ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
Chromosome Distribution ◽  
Apparent Relationship ◽  
Identical Number ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

A considerable number of dwarf plants (16.4 to 85.7 per cent) was found in C2 to C5 generations of four artificially-induced barley autotetraploids from the varieties OA.C. 21, Brant, York and Montcalm.The Montcalm tetraploid, which was the lowest in mean fertility, had the highest percentage of dwarfs. In the other three tetraploids there was no apparent relationship between the frequency of dwarfs and the mean per cent fertility. In the O.A.C. 21 tetraploid continuous selection for plants with high fertility did not reduce the occurrence of dwarfs.Most of the dwarf plants were aneuploids with 26, 27, 29, 30 or 31 chromosomes, but plants with identical number of chromosomes often showed differences in phenotype. Among the aneuploids 29-chromosome plants were most frequently found. The 26- and 31-chromosome plants were completely sterile. Only a low percentage of the other aneuploid plants produced seed. By considering the observed percentages of dwarf plants and the ratio of hypoploids to hyperploids produced, the largest part of sterility in the four barley autotetraploids could be attributed to irregular chromosome distribution.

scholarly journals SELECTION FOR LINKAGE MODIFICATION II. A RECOMBINATION BALANCE FOR NEUTRAL MODIFIERS

Genetics ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 713-726
Author(s):  
Marcus W Feldman ◽  
Beverley Balkau
Keyword(s):  
Linkage Disequilibrium ◽  
Gene Locus ◽  
Recombination Fraction ◽  
Neutral Gene ◽  
Mean Fitness ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACT A stable polymorphic equilibrium may be established at a selectively-neutral gene locus which controls the extent of recombination between two other selected loci. The condition for the existence of the stable polymorphism is analogous to heterozygous advantage. The heterozygote at the modifying locus should produce a recombination fraction allowing the greatest linkage disequilibrium. In the models treated this has the effect of producing the highest mean fitness. The relationship of these findings to general problems of coadaptation is discussed.

scholarly journals Genetic relationship of lactation persistency with milk yield, somatic cell score, reproductive traits, and longevity in Slovak Holstein cattle

2016 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Strapáková ◽  
Juraj Candrák ◽  
Peter Strapák
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Somatic Cell Score ◽  
Calving Interval ◽  
Days Open ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Selected Traits ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. The objective of this study was to estimate the breeding values (BVs) of lactation persistency, the test day of milk yield, the somatic cell score, reproductive traits (calving interval, days open), longevity in Slovak Holstein dairy cattle. BVs were used for the detection of relationships among the persistency of lactation and other selected traits. Data for the estimation of BVs of milk production and somatic cell score were collected from 855 240 cows. BVs for reproductive traits were estimated for 352 712 cows and for longevity for 528 362 cows. The highest correlations were confirmed between the BV of persistency and the BV of test day milk yield at 100, 200, and 305 days (−0.88, −0.65, and −0.61). Correlations between the BV of lactation persistency and the BV of somatic cell score at day 305 or the BV of somatic cell score persistency were favorable: −0.05 and −0.12, respectively. The relationship between the BV of persistency and the BV of the calving interval or the BV of days open was 0.11 and 0.10 respectively. The selection for the persistency of lactation may not improve longevity because there is no relation between the BV of persistency and the BV of longevity (rg = 0.06).

scholarly journals Relationship of Flowering Time, Rate of Seed Germination, and Time of Leaf Budbreak and Usefulness in Selecting for Late-flowering Apples

1991 ◽  
Vol 116 (3) ◽  
pp. 565-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shawn A. Mehlenbacher ◽  
Anna M. Voordeckers
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Time Rate ◽  
Late Flowering ◽  
Chilling Temperatures ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Germinating Seeds ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between dormancy of seeds and buds of apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) might provide breeders with an early opportunity to select for delayed development. Seeds of late-flowering genotypes require much longer exposure to chilling temperatures than those of early flowering” genotypes, and they germinate over a much longer period. In three progenies that exhibit much variation for the two traits, seed germination time was correlated with time of leafing-out of the resulting seedlings, and could be used to select for delayed budbreak. However, selection would be ineffective when little genetic variation for seed germination and budbreak is present. Leafing-out ratings in the nursery in the 2nd year were highly correlated with those in the 3rd year, indicating that selection for late leafing in the nursery during the 2nd year would be more effective than selection based on seed dormancy, especially in progenies exhibiting little genetic variability for this trait. Breeders can effectively use both relationships by first eliminating early germinating seeds and then eliminating early leafing seedlings.

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